Ontario, Canada

Planting calendar for Thunder Bay

Last frost around May 6, first frost around October 26: about 173 frost-free days.

Last frost: May 6
First frost: October 26
Frost-free days: 173

Sow now: November

See the whole year

Outdoors

Nothing this month.

Under cover

Garlic
Raspberry
Rhubarb

The year at a glance

When each crop can be sown in Thunder Bay. Tap a crop for exact dates and when it’s ready to harvest.

Sow outdoorsSow under cover (indoors, a greenhouse or a cold frame)

When to sow each crop in Thunder Bay, month by month. Each month says whether you can sow outdoors, under cover, or both.
Crop	JJan	FFeb	MMar	AApr	MMay	JJun	JJul	AAug	SSep	OOct	NNov	DDec
Fruiting
Tomato	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chile pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bell pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Eggplant	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Zucchini	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cucumber	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Winter squash	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Sweet corn	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Roots
Carrot	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beet	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsnip	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Radish	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Potato	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Plant under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Turnip	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Leaves
Lettuce	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Spinach	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Swiss chard	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Arugula	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Celery	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beans and peas
Runner bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Green bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Fava bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Pea	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Onion family
Onion	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Plant under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Garlic	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Plant under cover	October: Plant outdoors and under cover	November: Plant under cover	December: Not this month
Leek	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Scallion	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Shallot	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Plant under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant outdoors and under cover	August: Plant under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brassicas
Cabbage	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Broccoli	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cauliflower	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brussels sprout	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Kale	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bok choy	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Herbs
Basil	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsley	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cilantro	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chives	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Mint	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Fruit
Strawberry	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Plant under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Raspberry	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Plant under cover	October: Plant outdoors and under cover	November: Plant under cover	December: Not this month
Rhubarb	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Plant under cover	October: Plant outdoors and under cover	November: Plant under cover	December: Not this month

Fruit rows show when to plant, not sow.

Crop by crop

Fruiting

TomatoOutdoors Jun 10 to Jul 5; Under cover May 13 to Aug 2

Sow outdoors: Jun 10 to Jul 5
Under cover: May 13 to Aug 2
First harvest: About 77 days after sowing. Sown on June 10, ready around August 26.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Tomato across Canada, town by town

Chile pepperOutdoors Jun 9 to Jul 5; Under cover May 12 to Aug 2

Sow outdoors: Jun 9 to Jul 5
Under cover: May 12 to Aug 2
First harvest: About 84 days after sowing. Sown on June 9, ready around September 1.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Chile pepper across Canada, town by town

Bell pepperOutdoors Jun 14 to Jul 10; Under cover May 17 to Aug 7

Sow outdoors: Jun 14 to Jul 10
Under cover: May 17 to Aug 7
First harvest: About 78 days after sowing. Sown on June 14, ready around August 31.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Bell pepper across Canada, town by town

EggplantOutdoors Jun 14 to Jul 5; Under cover May 17 to Aug 2

Sow outdoors: Jun 14 to Jul 5
Under cover: May 17 to Aug 2
First harvest: About 90 days after sowing. Sown on June 14, ready around September 12.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Eggplant across Canada, town by town

ZucchiniOutdoors Jun 9 to Jul 20; Under cover May 12 to Aug 17

Sow outdoors: Jun 9 to Jul 20
Under cover: May 12 to Aug 17
First harvest: About 49 days after sowing. Sown on June 9, ready around July 28.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Zucchini across Canada, town by town

CucumberOutdoors Jun 9 to Jul 20; Under cover May 12 to Aug 17

Sow outdoors: Jun 9 to Jul 20
Under cover: May 12 to Aug 17
First harvest: About 56 days after sowing. Sown on June 9, ready around August 4.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Cucumber across Canada, town by town

Winter squashOutdoors Jun 9 to Jul 10; Under cover May 12 to Aug 7

Sow outdoors: Jun 9 to Jul 10
Under cover: May 12 to Aug 7
First harvest: About 78 days after sowing. Sown on June 9, ready around August 26.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Winter squash across Canada, town by town

Sweet cornOutdoors Jun 4 to Jul 10; Under cover May 7 to Aug 7

Sow outdoors: Jun 4 to Jul 10
Under cover: May 7 to Aug 7
First harvest: About 75 days after sowing. Sown on June 4, ready around August 18.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Sweet corn across Canada, town by town

Roots

CarrotOutdoors May 10 to Aug 12; Under cover Apr 12 to Sep 9

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Aug 12
Under cover: Apr 12 to Sep 9
First harvest: About 74 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around July 23.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Carrot across Canada, town by town

BeetOutdoors May 10 to Aug 23; Under cover Apr 12 to Sep 20

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Aug 23
Under cover: Apr 12 to Sep 20
First harvest: About 51 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around June 30.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Beet across Canada, town by town

ParsnipOutdoors May 5 to Jul 21; Under cover Apr 7 to Aug 18

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Jul 21
Under cover: Apr 7 to Aug 18
First harvest: About 91 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around August 4.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Parsnip across Canada, town by town

RadishOutdoors May 5 to Sep 11; Under cover Apr 7 to Oct 9

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Sep 11
Under cover: Apr 7 to Oct 9
First harvest: About 18 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around May 23.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Radish across Canada, town by town

PotatoOutdoors May 5 to Jun 30; Under cover Apr 7 to Jul 28

Plant outdoors: May 5 to Jun 30
Under cover: Apr 7 to Jul 28
First harvest: About 68 days after planting. Planted on May 5, ready around July 12.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Potato across Canada, town by town

TurnipOutdoors May 5 to Aug 13; Under cover Apr 7 to Sep 10

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Aug 13
Under cover: Apr 7 to Sep 10
First harvest: About 39 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around June 13.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Turnip across Canada, town by town

Leaves

LettuceOutdoors May 6 to Aug 8; Under cover Apr 8 to Sep 5

Sow outdoors: May 6 to Aug 8
Under cover: Apr 8 to Sep 5
First harvest: About 47 days after sowing. Sown on May 6, ready around June 22.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Lettuce across Canada, town by town

SpinachOutdoors May 5 to Sep 5; Under cover Apr 7 to Oct 3

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Sep 5
Under cover: Apr 7 to Oct 3
First harvest: About 29 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around June 3.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Spinach across Canada, town by town

Swiss chardOutdoors May 10 to Aug 13; Under cover Apr 12 to Sep 10

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Aug 13
Under cover: Apr 12 to Sep 10
First harvest: About 44 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around June 23.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Swiss chard across Canada, town by town

ArugulaOutdoors May 5 to Sep 6; Under cover Apr 7 to Oct 4

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Sep 6
Under cover: Apr 7 to Oct 4
First harvest: About 26 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around May 31.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Arugula across Canada, town by town

CeleryOutdoors May 2 to Jul 1; Under cover Apr 4 to Jul 29

Sow outdoors: May 2 to Jul 1
Under cover: Apr 4 to Jul 29
First harvest: About 84 days after sowing. Sown on May 2, ready around July 25.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Celery across Canada, town by town

Beans and peas

Runner beanOutdoors Jun 4 to Jul 20; Under cover May 7 to Aug 17

Sow outdoors: Jun 4 to Jul 20
Under cover: May 7 to Aug 17
First harvest: About 69 days after sowing. Sown on June 4, ready around August 12.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Runner bean across Canada, town by town

Green beanOutdoors Jun 4 to Aug 4; Under cover May 7 to Sep 1

Sow outdoors: Jun 4 to Aug 4
Under cover: May 7 to Sep 1
First harvest: About 56 days after sowing. Sown on June 4, ready around July 30.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Green bean across Canada, town by town

Fava beanOutdoors Apr 30 to May 14; Under cover Apr 2 to Apr 16, and Apr 30 to May 14, and May 28 to Jun 11

Sow outdoors: Apr 30 to May 14
Under cover: Apr 2 to Apr 16, and Apr 30 to May 14, and May 28 to Jun 11
First harvest: About 220 days after sowing. Sown on April 30, ready around December 6.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Fava bean across Canada, town by town

PeaOutdoors May 5 to Aug 5; Under cover Apr 7 to Sep 2

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Aug 5
Under cover: Apr 7 to Sep 2
First harvest: About 53 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around June 27.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Pea across Canada, town by town

Onion family

OnionOutdoors May 4 to Jun 24; Under cover Apr 6 to Jul 22

Plant outdoors: May 4 to Jun 24
Under cover: Apr 6 to Jul 22
First harvest: About 97 days after planting. Planted on May 4, ready around August 9.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Onion across Canada, town by town

GarlicOutdoors Oct 1 to Oct 25; Under cover Sep 3 to Nov 22

Plant outdoors: Oct 1 to Oct 25
Under cover: Sep 3 to Nov 22
First harvest: About 250 days after planting. Planted on October 1, ready around June 8.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Garlic across Canada, town by town

LeekOutdoors May 5 to Jul 31; Under cover Apr 7 to Aug 28

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Jul 31
Under cover: Apr 7 to Aug 28
First harvest: About 107 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around August 20.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Leek across Canada, town by town

ScallionOutdoors May 2 to Aug 23; Under cover Apr 4 to Sep 20

Sow outdoors: May 2 to Aug 23
Under cover: Apr 4 to Sep 20
First harvest: About 42 days after sowing. Sown on May 2, ready around June 13.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Scallion across Canada, town by town

ShallotOutdoors Apr 30 to Jul 13; Under cover Apr 2 to Aug 10

Plant outdoors: Apr 30 to Jul 13
Under cover: Apr 2 to Aug 10
First harvest: About 78 days after planting. Planted on April 30, ready around July 17.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Shallot across Canada, town by town

Brassicas

CabbageOutdoors May 5 to Aug 11; Under cover Apr 7 to Sep 8

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Aug 11
Under cover: Apr 7 to Sep 8
First harvest: About 75 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around July 19.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Cabbage across Canada, town by town

BroccoliOutdoors May 10 to Aug 8; Under cover Apr 12 to Sep 5

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Aug 8
Under cover: Apr 12 to Sep 5
First harvest: About 67 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around July 16.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Broccoli across Canada, town by town

CauliflowerOutdoors May 5 to Aug 1; Under cover Apr 7 to Aug 29

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Aug 1
Under cover: Apr 7 to Aug 29
First harvest: About 83 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around July 27.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Cauliflower across Canada, town by town

Brussels sproutOutdoors May 5 to Jul 5; Under cover Apr 7 to Aug 2

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Jul 5
Under cover: Apr 7 to Aug 2
First harvest: About 133 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around September 15.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Brussels sprout across Canada, town by town

KaleOutdoors May 10 to Aug 19; Under cover Apr 12 to Sep 16

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Aug 19
Under cover: Apr 12 to Sep 16
First harvest: About 59 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around July 8.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Kale across Canada, town by town

Bok choyOutdoors May 15 to Aug 27; Under cover Apr 17 to Sep 24

Sow outdoors: May 15 to Aug 27
Under cover: Apr 17 to Sep 24
First harvest: About 36 days after sowing. Sown on May 15, ready around June 20.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 8°C; bolts in hot weather.

Bok choy across Canada, town by town

Herbs

BasilOutdoors May 15 to Aug 14; Under cover Apr 17 to Sep 11

Sow outdoors: May 15 to Aug 14
Under cover: Apr 17 to Sep 11
First harvest: About 38 days after sowing. Sown on May 15, ready around June 22.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 8°C or more, and no frost.

Basil across Canada, town by town

ParsleyOutdoors May 5 to Aug 11; Under cover Apr 7 to Sep 8

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Aug 11
Under cover: Apr 7 to Sep 8
First harvest: About 49 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around June 23.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Parsley across Canada, town by town

CilantroOutdoors May 10 to Aug 26; Under cover Apr 12 to Sep 23

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Aug 26
Under cover: Apr 12 to Sep 23
First harvest: About 37 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around June 16.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C; bolts in hot weather.

Cilantro across Canada, town by town

ChivesOutdoors May 5 to Jul 21; Under cover Apr 7 to Aug 18

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Jul 21
Under cover: Apr 7 to Aug 18
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Chives across Canada, town by town

MintOutdoors May 10 to Sep 15; Under cover Apr 12 to Oct 13

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Sep 15
Under cover: Apr 12 to Oct 13
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Mint across Canada, town by town

Fruit

StrawberryOutdoors May 5 to Jul 5; Under cover Apr 7 to Aug 2

Plant outdoors: May 5 to Jul 5
Under cover: Apr 7 to Aug 2
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Strawberry across Canada, town by town

RaspberryOutdoors Oct 15 to Oct 30; Under cover Sep 17 to Oct 2, and Oct 15 to Oct 30, and Nov 12 to Nov 27

Plant outdoors: Oct 15 to Oct 30
Under cover: Sep 17 to Oct 2, and Oct 15 to Oct 30, and Nov 12 to Nov 27
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Raspberry across Canada, town by town

RhubarbOutdoors Oct 8 to Oct 28; Under cover Sep 10 to Nov 25

Plant outdoors: Oct 8 to Oct 28
Under cover: Sep 10 to Nov 25
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Rhubarb across Canada, town by town

Nearby

Questions about growing in Thunder Bay

When is the last frost in Thunder Bay?

On average around May 6, and the first autumn frost comes around October 26. In a cold spring a frost can come a week or two late, so tender plants are safest out a week after the date.

Can I grow tomatoes outdoors in Thunder Bay?

Yes. Plant them outdoors Jun 10 to Jul 5, or under cover May 13 to Aug 2.

What can I sow in Thunder Bay in November?

Nothing outdoors this month. Under cover: garlic, raspberry, rhubarb.

How accurate are these dates?

They’re worked out from 30 years of climate data for this spot, adjusted for its height, so they’re a good guide for a typical year. Check the forecast before planting out anything tender.

Get these dates as reminders

Bia turns this calendar into a nudge when it’s time to sow, plant out and harvest, for your backyard or community garden plot in Thunder Bay. Free for 2 months.

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How these dates are worked out: climate records for this spot (ERA5-Land, 1995 to 2024), the local frost dates and the height above sea level turn a seed-packet date into a local one. Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information; towns from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). How sowing dates work