Ontario, Canada

Planting calendar for Toronto

Last frost around April 23, first frost around October 28: about 188 frost-free days.

Last frost: April 23
First frost: October 28
Frost-free days: 188

Sow now: November

See the whole year

Outdoors

Garlic
Raspberry
Rhubarb

Under cover

Nothing this month.

The year at a glance

When each crop can be sown in Toronto. Tap a crop for exact dates and when it’s ready to harvest.

Sow outdoorsSow under cover (indoors, a greenhouse or a cold frame)

When to sow each crop in Toronto, month by month. Each month says whether you can sow outdoors, under cover, or both.
Crop	JJan	FFeb	MMar	AApr	MMay	JJun	JJul	AAug	SSep	OOct	NNov	DDec
Fruiting
Tomato	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chile pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bell pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Eggplant	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Zucchini	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cucumber	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Winter squash	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Sweet corn	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Roots
Carrot	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beet	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsnip	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Radish	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Potato	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant outdoors and under cover	August: Plant under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Turnip	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Leaves
Lettuce	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Spinach	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Swiss chard	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Arugula	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Celery	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beans and peas
Runner bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Green bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Fava bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow under cover	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Pea	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Onion family
Onion	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant under cover	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Garlic	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Plant under cover	October: Plant outdoors and under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover
Leek	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Scallion	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Shallot	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brassicas
Cabbage	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Broccoli	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cauliflower	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brussels sprout	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Kale	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bok choy	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Herbs
Basil	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsley	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cilantro	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chives	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Mint	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Fruit
Strawberry	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant outdoors and under cover	August: Plant under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Raspberry	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Plant under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover
Rhubarb	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Plant under cover	October: Plant outdoors and under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover

Fruit rows show when to plant, not sow.

Crop by crop

Fruiting

TomatoOutdoors May 28 to Jun 22; Under cover Apr 30 to Jul 20

Sow outdoors: May 28 to Jun 22
Under cover: Apr 30 to Jul 20
First harvest: About 66 days after sowing. Sown on May 28, ready around August 2.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Tomato across Canada, town by town

Chile pepperOutdoors May 27 to Jun 22; Under cover Apr 29 to Jul 20

Sow outdoors: May 27 to Jun 22
Under cover: Apr 29 to Jul 20
First harvest: About 84 days after sowing. Sown on May 27, ready around August 19.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Chile pepper across Canada, town by town

Bell pepperOutdoors Jun 1 to Jun 27; Under cover May 4 to Jul 25

Sow outdoors: Jun 1 to Jun 27
Under cover: May 4 to Jul 25
First harvest: About 78 days after sowing. Sown on June 1, ready around August 18.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Bell pepper across Canada, town by town

EggplantOutdoors Jun 1 to Jun 22; Under cover May 4 to Jul 20

Sow outdoors: Jun 1 to Jun 22
Under cover: May 4 to Jul 20
First harvest: About 90 days after sowing. Sown on June 1, ready around August 30.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Eggplant across Canada, town by town

ZucchiniOutdoors May 27 to Jul 7, and Jul 25 to Aug 18; Under cover Apr 29 to Sep 15

Sow outdoors: May 27 to Jul 7, and Jul 25 to Aug 18
Under cover: Apr 29 to Sep 15
First harvest: About 39 days after sowing. Sown on May 27, ready around July 5.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Zucchini across Canada, town by town

CucumberOutdoors May 27 to Jul 7, and Jul 25 to Aug 12; Under cover Apr 29 to Aug 12, and Aug 22 to Sep 9

Sow outdoors: May 27 to Jul 7, and Jul 25 to Aug 12
Under cover: Apr 29 to Aug 12, and Aug 22 to Sep 9
First harvest: About 42 days after sowing. Sown on May 27, ready around July 8.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Cucumber across Canada, town by town

Winter squashOutdoors May 27 to Jun 27; Under cover Apr 29 to Jul 25

Sow outdoors: May 27 to Jun 27
Under cover: Apr 29 to Jul 25
First harvest: About 66 days after sowing. Sown on May 27, ready around August 1.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Winter squash across Canada, town by town

Sweet cornOutdoors May 22 to Jun 27, and Jul 25 to Jul 31; Under cover Apr 24 to Jul 31, and Aug 22 to Aug 28

Sow outdoors: May 22 to Jun 27, and Jul 25 to Jul 31
Under cover: Apr 24 to Jul 31, and Aug 22 to Aug 28
First harvest: About 60 days after sowing. Sown on May 22, ready around July 21.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Sweet corn across Canada, town by town

Roots

CarrotOutdoors Apr 17 to Jul 30; Under cover Mar 20 to Aug 27

Sow outdoors: Apr 17 to Jul 30
Under cover: Mar 20 to Aug 27
First harvest: About 70 days after sowing. Sown on April 17, ready around June 26.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Carrot across Canada, town by town

BeetOutdoors Apr 17 to Aug 15; Under cover Mar 20 to Sep 12

Sow outdoors: Apr 17 to Aug 15
Under cover: Mar 20 to Sep 12
First harvest: About 49 days after sowing. Sown on April 17, ready around June 5.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Beet across Canada, town by town

ParsnipOutdoors Apr 13 to Jun 29; Under cover Mar 16 to Jul 27

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Jun 29
Under cover: Mar 16 to Jul 27
First harvest: About 86 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around July 8.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Parsnip across Canada, town by town

RadishOutdoors Apr 13 to Sep 23; Under cover Mar 16 to Oct 21

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Sep 23
Under cover: Mar 16 to Oct 21
First harvest: About 19 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around May 2.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Radish across Canada, town by town

PotatoOutdoors Apr 13 to Jun 8, and Jul 25 to Jul 31; Under cover Mar 16 to Jul 6, and Jul 25 to Jul 31, and Aug 22 to Aug 28

Plant outdoors: Apr 13 to Jun 8, and Jul 25 to Jul 31
Under cover: Mar 16 to Jul 6, and Jul 25 to Jul 31, and Aug 22 to Aug 28
First harvest: About 65 days after planting. Planted on April 13, ready around June 17.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Potato across Canada, town by town

TurnipOutdoors Apr 13 to Aug 27; Under cover Mar 16 to Sep 24

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Aug 27
Under cover: Mar 16 to Sep 24
First harvest: About 38 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around May 21.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Turnip across Canada, town by town

Leaves

LettuceOutdoors Apr 14 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Aug 22; Under cover Mar 17 to Sep 19

Sow outdoors: Apr 14 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Aug 22
Under cover: Mar 17 to Sep 19
First harvest: About 46 days after sowing. Sown on April 14, ready around May 30.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Lettuce across Canada, town by town

SpinachOutdoors Apr 13 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Sep 18; Under cover Mar 16 to Oct 16

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Sep 18
Under cover: Mar 16 to Oct 16
First harvest: About 29 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around May 12.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Spinach across Canada, town by town

Swiss chardOutdoors Apr 17 to Aug 27; Under cover Mar 20 to Sep 24

Sow outdoors: Apr 17 to Aug 27
Under cover: Mar 20 to Sep 24
First harvest: About 42 days after sowing. Sown on April 17, ready around May 29.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Swiss chard across Canada, town by town

ArugulaOutdoors Apr 13 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Sep 19; Under cover Mar 16 to Oct 17

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Sep 19
Under cover: Mar 16 to Oct 17
First harvest: About 26 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around May 9.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Arugula across Canada, town by town

CeleryOutdoors Apr 9 to Jun 8; Under cover Mar 12 to Jul 6

Sow outdoors: Apr 9 to Jun 8
Under cover: Mar 12 to Jul 6
First harvest: About 78 days after sowing. Sown on April 9, ready around June 26.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Celery across Canada, town by town

Beans and peas

Runner beanOutdoors May 22 to Jul 7, and Jul 25 to Aug 5; Under cover Apr 24 to Aug 5, and Aug 22 to Sep 2

Sow outdoors: May 22 to Jul 7, and Jul 25 to Aug 5
Under cover: Apr 24 to Aug 5, and Aug 22 to Sep 2
First harvest: About 54 days after sowing. Sown on May 22, ready around July 15.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Runner bean across Canada, town by town

Green beanOutdoors May 22 to Aug 15; Under cover Apr 24 to Sep 12

Sow outdoors: May 22 to Aug 15
Under cover: Apr 24 to Sep 12
First harvest: About 47 days after sowing. Sown on May 22, ready around July 8.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Green bean across Canada, town by town

Fava beanOutdoors Apr 7 to Apr 21; Under cover Mar 10 to Mar 24, and Apr 7 to Apr 21, and May 5 to May 19

Sow outdoors: Apr 7 to Apr 21
Under cover: Mar 10 to Mar 24, and Apr 7 to Apr 21, and May 5 to May 19
First harvest: About 220 days after sowing. Sown on April 7, ready around November 13.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Fava bean across Canada, town by town

PeaOutdoors Apr 13 to Aug 6; Under cover Mar 16 to Sep 3

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Aug 6
Under cover: Mar 16 to Sep 3
First harvest: About 52 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around June 4.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Pea across Canada, town by town

Onion family

OnionOutdoors Apr 11 to Jun 1; Under cover Mar 14 to Jun 29

Plant outdoors: Apr 11 to Jun 1
Under cover: Mar 14 to Jun 29
First harvest: About 89 days after planting. Planted on April 11, ready around July 9.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Onion across Canada, town by town

GarlicOutdoors Oct 12 to Nov 9; Under cover Sep 14 to Dec 7

Plant outdoors: Oct 12 to Nov 9
Under cover: Sep 14 to Dec 7
First harvest: About 250 days after planting. Planted on October 12, ready around June 19.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Garlic across Canada, town by town

LeekOutdoors Apr 13 to Jul 29; Under cover Mar 16 to Aug 26

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Jul 29
Under cover: Mar 16 to Aug 26
First harvest: About 99 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around July 21.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Leek across Canada, town by town

ScallionOutdoors Apr 9 to Sep 6; Under cover Mar 12 to Oct 4

Sow outdoors: Apr 9 to Sep 6
Under cover: Mar 12 to Oct 4
First harvest: About 42 days after sowing. Sown on April 9, ready around May 21.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Scallion across Canada, town by town

ShallotOutdoors Apr 7 to Jun 20; Under cover Mar 10 to Jul 18

Plant outdoors: Apr 7 to Jun 20
Under cover: Mar 10 to Jul 18
First harvest: About 78 days after planting. Planted on April 7, ready around June 24.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Shallot across Canada, town by town

Brassicas

CabbageOutdoors Apr 13 to Aug 13; Under cover Mar 16 to Sep 10

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Aug 13
Under cover: Mar 16 to Sep 10
First harvest: About 72 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around June 24.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Cabbage across Canada, town by town

BroccoliOutdoors Apr 17 to Aug 1; Under cover Mar 20 to Aug 29

Sow outdoors: Apr 17 to Aug 1
Under cover: Mar 20 to Aug 29
First harvest: About 63 days after sowing. Sown on April 17, ready around June 19.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Broccoli across Canada, town by town

CauliflowerOutdoors Apr 13 to Jul 14; Under cover Mar 16 to Aug 11

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Jul 14
Under cover: Mar 16 to Aug 11
First harvest: About 79 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around July 1.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Cauliflower across Canada, town by town

Brussels sproutOutdoors Apr 13 to Jun 13; Under cover Mar 16 to Jul 11

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Jun 13
Under cover: Mar 16 to Jul 11
First harvest: About 117 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around August 8.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Brussels sprout across Canada, town by town

KaleOutdoors Apr 17 to Aug 9; Under cover Mar 20 to Sep 6

Sow outdoors: Apr 17 to Aug 9
Under cover: Mar 20 to Sep 6
First harvest: About 56 days after sowing. Sown on April 17, ready around June 12.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Kale across Canada, town by town

Bok choyOutdoors Apr 22 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Sep 9; Under cover Mar 25 to Oct 7

Sow outdoors: Apr 22 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Sep 9
Under cover: Mar 25 to Oct 7
First harvest: About 34 days after sowing. Sown on April 22, ready around May 26.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 8°C; bolts in hot weather.

Bok choy across Canada, town by town

Herbs

BasilOutdoors Apr 23 to Aug 19; Under cover Mar 26 to Sep 16

Sow outdoors: Apr 23 to Aug 19
Under cover: Mar 26 to Sep 16
First harvest: About 37 days after sowing. Sown on April 23, ready around May 30.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 8°C or more, and no frost.

Basil across Canada, town by town

ParsleyOutdoors Apr 13 to Aug 25; Under cover Mar 16 to Sep 22

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Aug 25
Under cover: Mar 16 to Sep 22
First harvest: About 48 days after sowing. Sown on April 13, ready around May 31.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Parsley across Canada, town by town

CilantroOutdoors Apr 17 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Sep 8; Under cover Mar 20 to Oct 6

Sow outdoors: Apr 17 to Jun 4, and Jul 21 to Sep 8
Under cover: Mar 20 to Oct 6
First harvest: About 36 days after sowing. Sown on April 17, ready around May 23.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C; bolts in hot weather.

Cilantro across Canada, town by town

ChivesOutdoors Apr 13 to Jun 29, and Jul 25 to Aug 8; Under cover Mar 16 to Aug 8, and Aug 22 to Sep 5

Sow outdoors: Apr 13 to Jun 29, and Jul 25 to Aug 8
Under cover: Mar 16 to Aug 8, and Aug 22 to Sep 5
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Chives across Canada, town by town

MintOutdoors Apr 17 to Sep 28; Under cover Mar 20 to Oct 26

Sow outdoors: Apr 17 to Sep 28
Under cover: Mar 20 to Oct 26
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Mint across Canada, town by town

Fruit

StrawberryOutdoors Apr 13 to Jun 13, and Jul 25 to Aug 6; Under cover Mar 16 to Jul 11, and Jul 25 to Aug 6, and Aug 22 to Sep 3

Plant outdoors: Apr 13 to Jun 13, and Jul 25 to Aug 6
Under cover: Mar 16 to Jul 11, and Jul 25 to Aug 6, and Aug 22 to Sep 3
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Strawberry across Canada, town by town

RaspberryOutdoors Oct 29 to Nov 16; Under cover Oct 1 to Oct 19, and Oct 29 to Nov 16, and Nov 26 to Dec 14

Plant outdoors: Oct 29 to Nov 16
Under cover: Oct 1 to Oct 19, and Oct 29 to Nov 16, and Nov 26 to Dec 14
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Raspberry across Canada, town by town

RhubarbOutdoors Oct 20 to Nov 14; Under cover Sep 22 to Dec 12

Plant outdoors: Oct 20 to Nov 14
Under cover: Sep 22 to Dec 12
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Rhubarb across Canada, town by town

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Questions about growing in Toronto

When is the last frost in Toronto?

On average around April 23, and the first autumn frost comes around October 28. In a cold spring a frost can come a week or two late, so tender plants are safest out a week after the date.

Can I grow tomatoes outdoors in Toronto?

Yes. Plant them outdoors May 28 to Jun 22, or under cover Apr 30 to Jul 20.

What can I sow in Toronto in November?

Outdoors: garlic, raspberry, rhubarb.

How accurate are these dates?

They’re worked out from 30 years of climate data for this spot, adjusted for its height, so they’re a good guide for a typical year. Check the forecast before planting out anything tender.

Get these dates as reminders

Bia turns this calendar into a nudge when it’s time to sow, plant out and harvest, for your backyard or community garden plot in Toronto. Free for 2 months.

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How these dates are worked out: climate records for this spot (ERA5-Land, 1995 to 2024), the local frost dates and the height above sea level turn a seed-packet date into a local one. Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information; towns from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). How sowing dates work