Ontario, Canada

Planting calendar for Markham

Last frost around April 25, first frost around October 28: about 186 frost-free days.

Last frost: April 25
First frost: October 28
Frost-free days: 186

Sow now: November

See the whole year

Outdoors

Garlic
Raspberry
Rhubarb

Under cover

Nothing this month.

The year at a glance

When each crop can be sown in Markham. Tap a crop for exact dates and when it’s ready to harvest.

Sow outdoorsSow under cover (indoors, a greenhouse or a cold frame)

When to sow each crop in Markham, month by month. Each month says whether you can sow outdoors, under cover, or both.
Crop	JJan	FFeb	MMar	AApr	MMay	JJun	JJul	AAug	SSep	OOct	NNov	DDec
Fruiting
Tomato	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chile pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bell pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Eggplant	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Zucchini	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cucumber	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Winter squash	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Sweet corn	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Roots
Carrot	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beet	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsnip	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Radish	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Potato	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Turnip	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Leaves
Lettuce	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Spinach	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Swiss chard	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Arugula	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Celery	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beans and peas
Runner bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Green bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Fava bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow under cover	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Pea	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Onion family
Onion	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant under cover	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Garlic	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Plant under cover	October: Plant outdoors and under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Not this month
Leek	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Scallion	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Shallot	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brassicas
Cabbage	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Broccoli	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cauliflower	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brussels sprout	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Kale	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bok choy	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Herbs
Basil	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsley	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cilantro	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chives	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Mint	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Fruit
Strawberry	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant outdoors and under cover	August: Plant under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Raspberry	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Plant under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover
Rhubarb	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Plant under cover	October: Plant outdoors and under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover

Fruit rows show when to plant, not sow.

Crop by crop

Fruiting

TomatoOutdoors May 30 to Jun 24; Under cover May 2 to Jul 22

Sow outdoors: May 30 to Jun 24
Under cover: May 2 to Jul 22
First harvest: About 66 days after sowing. Sown on May 30, ready around August 4.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Tomato across Canada, town by town

Chile pepperOutdoors May 29 to Jun 24; Under cover May 1 to Jul 22

Sow outdoors: May 29 to Jun 24
Under cover: May 1 to Jul 22
First harvest: About 84 days after sowing. Sown on May 29, ready around August 21.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Chile pepper across Canada, town by town

Bell pepperOutdoors Jun 3 to Jun 29; Under cover May 6 to Jul 27

Sow outdoors: Jun 3 to Jun 29
Under cover: May 6 to Jul 27
First harvest: About 78 days after sowing. Sown on June 3, ready around August 20.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Bell pepper across Canada, town by town

EggplantOutdoors Jun 3 to Jun 24; Under cover May 6 to Jul 22

Sow outdoors: Jun 3 to Jun 24
Under cover: May 6 to Jul 22
First harvest: About 90 days after sowing. Sown on June 3, ready around September 1.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Eggplant across Canada, town by town

ZucchiniOutdoors May 29 to Jul 9, and Jul 25 to Aug 15; Under cover May 1 to Sep 12

Sow outdoors: May 29 to Jul 9, and Jul 25 to Aug 15
Under cover: May 1 to Sep 12
First harvest: About 41 days after sowing. Sown on May 29, ready around July 9.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Zucchini across Canada, town by town

CucumberOutdoors May 29 to Jul 9, and Jul 25 to Aug 10; Under cover May 1 to Aug 10, and Aug 22 to Sep 7

Sow outdoors: May 29 to Jul 9, and Jul 25 to Aug 10
Under cover: May 1 to Aug 10, and Aug 22 to Sep 7
First harvest: About 44 days after sowing. Sown on May 29, ready around July 12.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Cucumber across Canada, town by town

Winter squashOutdoors May 29 to Jun 29; Under cover May 1 to Jul 27

Sow outdoors: May 29 to Jun 29
Under cover: May 1 to Jul 27
First harvest: About 66 days after sowing. Sown on May 29, ready around August 3.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Winter squash across Canada, town by town

Sweet cornOutdoors May 24 to Jun 29; Under cover Apr 26 to Jul 27

Sow outdoors: May 24 to Jun 29
Under cover: Apr 26 to Jul 27
First harvest: About 60 days after sowing. Sown on May 24, ready around July 23.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Sweet corn across Canada, town by town

Roots

CarrotOutdoors Apr 19 to Jul 28; Under cover Mar 22 to Aug 25

Sow outdoors: Apr 19 to Jul 28
Under cover: Mar 22 to Aug 25
First harvest: About 70 days after sowing. Sown on April 19, ready around June 28.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Carrot across Canada, town by town

BeetOutdoors Apr 19 to Aug 12; Under cover Mar 22 to Sep 9

Sow outdoors: Apr 19 to Aug 12
Under cover: Mar 22 to Sep 9
First harvest: About 49 days after sowing. Sown on April 19, ready around June 7.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Beet across Canada, town by town

ParsnipOutdoors Apr 15 to Jul 1; Under cover Mar 18 to Jul 29

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Jul 1
Under cover: Mar 18 to Jul 29
First harvest: About 86 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around July 10.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Parsnip across Canada, town by town

RadishOutdoors Apr 15 to Sep 21; Under cover Mar 18 to Oct 19

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Sep 21
Under cover: Mar 18 to Oct 19
First harvest: About 19 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around May 4.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Radish across Canada, town by town

PotatoOutdoors Apr 15 to Jun 10; Under cover Mar 18 to Jul 8

Plant outdoors: Apr 15 to Jun 10
Under cover: Mar 18 to Jul 8
First harvest: About 65 days after planting. Planted on April 15, ready around June 19.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Potato across Canada, town by town

TurnipOutdoors Apr 15 to Aug 25; Under cover Mar 18 to Sep 22

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Aug 25
Under cover: Mar 18 to Sep 22
First harvest: About 38 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around May 23.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Turnip across Canada, town by town

Leaves

LettuceOutdoors Apr 16 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Aug 20; Under cover Mar 19 to Sep 17

Sow outdoors: Apr 16 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Aug 20
Under cover: Mar 19 to Sep 17
First harvest: About 46 days after sowing. Sown on April 16, ready around June 1.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Lettuce across Canada, town by town

SpinachOutdoors Apr 15 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Sep 16; Under cover Mar 18 to Oct 14

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Sep 16
Under cover: Mar 18 to Oct 14
First harvest: About 29 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around May 14.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Spinach across Canada, town by town

Swiss chardOutdoors Apr 19 to Aug 25; Under cover Mar 22 to Sep 22

Sow outdoors: Apr 19 to Aug 25
Under cover: Mar 22 to Sep 22
First harvest: About 42 days after sowing. Sown on April 19, ready around May 31.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Swiss chard across Canada, town by town

ArugulaOutdoors Apr 15 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Sep 17; Under cover Mar 18 to Oct 15

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Sep 17
Under cover: Mar 18 to Oct 15
First harvest: About 26 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around May 11.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Arugula across Canada, town by town

CeleryOutdoors Apr 12 to Jun 11; Under cover Mar 15 to Jul 9

Sow outdoors: Apr 12 to Jun 11
Under cover: Mar 15 to Jul 9
First harvest: About 81 days after sowing. Sown on April 12, ready around July 2.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Celery across Canada, town by town

Beans and peas

Runner beanOutdoors May 24 to Jul 9, and Jul 25 to Aug 2; Under cover Apr 26 to Aug 6, and Aug 22 to Aug 30

Sow outdoors: May 24 to Jul 9, and Jul 25 to Aug 2
Under cover: Apr 26 to Aug 6, and Aug 22 to Aug 30
First harvest: About 56 days after sowing. Sown on May 24, ready around July 19.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Runner bean across Canada, town by town

Green beanOutdoors May 24 to Aug 12; Under cover Apr 26 to Sep 9

Sow outdoors: May 24 to Aug 12
Under cover: Apr 26 to Sep 9
First harvest: About 48 days after sowing. Sown on May 24, ready around July 11.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Green bean across Canada, town by town

Fava beanOutdoors Apr 9 to Apr 24; Under cover Mar 12 to Mar 27, and Apr 9 to Apr 24, and May 7 to May 22

Sow outdoors: Apr 9 to Apr 24
Under cover: Mar 12 to Mar 27, and Apr 9 to Apr 24, and May 7 to May 22
First harvest: About 220 days after sowing. Sown on April 9, ready around November 15.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Fava bean across Canada, town by town

PeaOutdoors Apr 15 to Aug 3; Under cover Mar 18 to Aug 31

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Aug 3
Under cover: Mar 18 to Aug 31
First harvest: About 51 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around June 5.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Pea across Canada, town by town

Onion family

OnionOutdoors Apr 14 to Jun 4; Under cover Mar 17 to Jul 2

Plant outdoors: Apr 14 to Jun 4
Under cover: Mar 17 to Jul 2
First harvest: About 92 days after planting. Planted on April 14, ready around July 15.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Onion across Canada, town by town

GarlicOutdoors Oct 10 to Nov 7; Under cover Sep 12 to Dec 5

Plant outdoors: Oct 10 to Nov 7
Under cover: Sep 12 to Dec 5
First harvest: About 250 days after planting. Planted on October 10, ready around June 17.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Garlic across Canada, town by town

LeekOutdoors Apr 15 to Jul 31; Under cover Mar 18 to Aug 28

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Jul 31
Under cover: Mar 18 to Aug 28
First harvest: About 100 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around July 24.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Leek across Canada, town by town

ScallionOutdoors Apr 12 to Sep 3; Under cover Mar 15 to Oct 1

Sow outdoors: Apr 12 to Sep 3
Under cover: Mar 15 to Oct 1
First harvest: About 42 days after sowing. Sown on April 12, ready around May 24.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Scallion across Canada, town by town

ShallotOutdoors Apr 9 to Jun 22; Under cover Mar 12 to Jul 20

Plant outdoors: Apr 9 to Jun 22
Under cover: Mar 12 to Jul 20
First harvest: About 78 days after planting. Planted on April 9, ready around June 26.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Shallot across Canada, town by town

Brassicas

CabbageOutdoors Apr 15 to Aug 15; Under cover Mar 18 to Sep 12

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Aug 15
Under cover: Mar 18 to Sep 12
First harvest: About 72 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around June 26.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Cabbage across Canada, town by town

BroccoliOutdoors Apr 19 to Jul 29; Under cover Mar 22 to Aug 26

Sow outdoors: Apr 19 to Jul 29
Under cover: Mar 22 to Aug 26
First harvest: About 63 days after sowing. Sown on April 19, ready around June 21.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Broccoli across Canada, town by town

CauliflowerOutdoors Apr 15 to Jul 16; Under cover Mar 18 to Aug 13

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Jul 16
Under cover: Mar 18 to Aug 13
First harvest: About 79 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around July 3.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Cauliflower across Canada, town by town

Brussels sproutOutdoors Apr 15 to Jun 15; Under cover Mar 18 to Jul 13

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Jun 15
Under cover: Mar 18 to Jul 13
First harvest: About 119 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around August 12.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Brussels sprout across Canada, town by town

KaleOutdoors Apr 19 to Aug 7; Under cover Mar 22 to Sep 4

Sow outdoors: Apr 19 to Aug 7
Under cover: Mar 22 to Sep 4
First harvest: About 56 days after sowing. Sown on April 19, ready around June 14.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Kale across Canada, town by town

Bok choyOutdoors Apr 24 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Sep 7; Under cover Mar 27 to Oct 5

Sow outdoors: Apr 24 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Sep 7
Under cover: Mar 27 to Oct 5
First harvest: About 35 days after sowing. Sown on April 24, ready around May 29.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 8°C; bolts in hot weather.

Bok choy across Canada, town by town

Herbs

BasilOutdoors Apr 25 to Aug 16; Under cover Mar 28 to Sep 13

Sow outdoors: Apr 25 to Aug 16
Under cover: Mar 28 to Sep 13
First harvest: About 36 days after sowing. Sown on April 25, ready around May 31.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 8°C or more, and no frost.

Basil across Canada, town by town

ParsleyOutdoors Apr 15 to Aug 23; Under cover Mar 18 to Sep 20

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Aug 23
Under cover: Mar 18 to Sep 20
First harvest: About 48 days after sowing. Sown on April 15, ready around June 2.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Parsley across Canada, town by town

CilantroOutdoors Apr 19 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Sep 6; Under cover Mar 22 to Oct 4

Sow outdoors: Apr 19 to Jun 11, and Jul 14 to Sep 6
Under cover: Mar 22 to Oct 4
First harvest: About 35 days after sowing. Sown on April 19, ready around May 24.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C; bolts in hot weather.

Cilantro across Canada, town by town

ChivesOutdoors Apr 15 to Jul 1, and Jul 25 to Aug 6; Under cover Mar 18 to Aug 6, and Aug 22 to Sep 3

Sow outdoors: Apr 15 to Jul 1, and Jul 25 to Aug 6
Under cover: Mar 18 to Aug 6, and Aug 22 to Sep 3
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Chives across Canada, town by town

MintOutdoors Apr 19 to Sep 26; Under cover Mar 22 to Oct 24

Sow outdoors: Apr 19 to Sep 26
Under cover: Mar 22 to Oct 24
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Mint across Canada, town by town

Fruit

StrawberryOutdoors Apr 15 to Jun 15, and Jul 25 to Aug 3; Under cover Mar 18 to Jul 13, and Jul 25 to Aug 3, and Aug 22 to Aug 31

Plant outdoors: Apr 15 to Jun 15, and Jul 25 to Aug 3
Under cover: Mar 18 to Jul 13, and Jul 25 to Aug 3, and Aug 22 to Aug 31
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Strawberry across Canada, town by town

RaspberryOutdoors Oct 27 to Nov 14; Under cover Sep 29 to Oct 17, and Oct 27 to Nov 14, and Nov 24 to Dec 12

Plant outdoors: Oct 27 to Nov 14
Under cover: Sep 29 to Oct 17, and Oct 27 to Nov 14, and Nov 24 to Dec 12
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Raspberry across Canada, town by town

RhubarbOutdoors Oct 18 to Nov 12; Under cover Sep 20 to Dec 10

Plant outdoors: Oct 18 to Nov 12
Under cover: Sep 20 to Dec 10
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Rhubarb across Canada, town by town

Nearby

Also covers

Thornhill, and nearby villages. Dates are within a few days across the area.

Questions about growing in Markham

When is the last frost in Markham?

On average around April 25, and the first autumn frost comes around October 28. In a cold spring a frost can come a week or two late, so tender plants are safest out a week after the date.

Can I grow tomatoes outdoors in Markham?

Yes. Plant them outdoors May 30 to Jun 24, or under cover May 2 to Jul 22.

What can I sow in Markham in November?

Outdoors: garlic, raspberry, rhubarb.

How accurate are these dates?

They’re worked out from 30 years of climate data for this spot, adjusted for its height, so they’re a good guide for a typical year. Check the forecast before planting out anything tender.

Get these dates as reminders

Bia turns this calendar into a nudge when it’s time to sow, plant out and harvest, for your backyard or community garden plot in Markham. Free for 2 months.

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How these dates are worked out: climate records for this spot (ERA5-Land, 1995 to 2024), the local frost dates and the height above sea level turn a seed-packet date into a local one. Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information; towns from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). How sowing dates work