Ontario, Canada

Planting calendar for St. Catharines

Last frost around April 11, first frost around November 20: about 223 frost-free days.

Last frost: April 11
First frost: November 20
Frost-free days: 223

Sow now: November

See the whole year

Outdoors

Fava bean
Garlic
Raspberry
Rhubarb

Under cover

Nothing this month.

The year at a glance

When each crop can be sown in St. Catharines. Tap a crop for exact dates and when it’s ready to harvest.

Sow outdoorsSow under cover (indoors, a greenhouse or a cold frame)

When to sow each crop in St. Catharines, month by month. Each month says whether you can sow outdoors, under cover, or both.
Crop	JJan	FFeb	MMar	AApr	MMay	JJun	JJul	AAug	SSep	OOct	NNov	DDec
Fruiting
Tomato	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chile pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bell pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Eggplant	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Zucchini	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cucumber	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Winter squash	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Sweet corn	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Roots
Carrot	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beet	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsnip	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Radish	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Potato	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Plant outdoors and under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Turnip	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Leaves
Lettuce	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Spinach	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Swiss chard	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Arugula	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Celery	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beans and peas
Runner bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Green bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Fava bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Sow under cover	October: Sow outdoors and under cover	November: Sow outdoors and under cover	December: Sow under cover
Pea	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Onion family
Onion	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant under cover	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Garlic	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Plant under cover	October: Plant outdoors and under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover
Leek	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Scallion	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Shallot	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brassicas
Cabbage	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Broccoli	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cauliflower	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brussels sprout	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Kale	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bok choy	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Herbs
Basil	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsley	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cilantro	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chives	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Mint	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Fruit
Strawberry	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Plant under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant outdoors and under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Plant outdoors and under cover	September: Plant under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Raspberry	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Plant under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover
Rhubarb	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Plant under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover

Fruit rows show when to plant, not sow.

Crop by crop

Fruiting

TomatoOutdoors May 16 to Jun 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 5; Under cover Apr 18 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, and Aug 24 to Sep 2

Sow outdoors: May 16 to Jun 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 5
Under cover: Apr 18 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, and Aug 24 to Sep 2
First harvest: About 66 days after sowing. Sown on May 16, ready around July 21.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Tomato across Canada, town by town

Chile pepperOutdoors May 15 to Jun 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 3; Under cover Apr 17 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 3, and Aug 24 to Aug 31

Sow outdoors: May 15 to Jun 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 3
Under cover: Apr 17 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 3, and Aug 24 to Aug 31
First harvest: About 84 days after sowing. Sown on May 15, ready around August 7.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Chile pepper across Canada, town by town

Bell pepperOutdoors May 20 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Aug 5; Under cover Apr 22 to Jul 13, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, and Aug 24 to Sep 2

Sow outdoors: May 20 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Aug 5
Under cover: Apr 22 to Jul 13, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, and Aug 24 to Sep 2
First harvest: About 78 days after sowing. Sown on May 20, ready around August 6.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Bell pepper across Canada, town by town

EggplantOutdoors May 20 to Jun 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 3; Under cover Apr 22 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 3, and Aug 24 to Aug 31

Sow outdoors: May 20 to Jun 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 3
Under cover: Apr 22 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 3, and Aug 24 to Aug 31
First harvest: About 90 days after sowing. Sown on May 20, ready around August 18.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Eggplant across Canada, town by town

ZucchiniOutdoors May 15 to Jun 25, and Jul 27 to Aug 24; Under cover Apr 17 to Sep 21

Sow outdoors: May 15 to Jun 25, and Jul 27 to Aug 24
Under cover: Apr 17 to Sep 21
First harvest: About 44 days after sowing. Sown on May 15, ready around June 28.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Zucchini across Canada, town by town

CucumberOutdoors May 15 to Jun 25, and Jul 27 to Aug 19; Under cover Apr 17 to Sep 16

Sow outdoors: May 15 to Jun 25, and Jul 27 to Aug 19
Under cover: Apr 17 to Sep 16
First harvest: About 49 days after sowing. Sown on May 15, ready around July 3.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Cucumber across Canada, town by town

Winter squashOutdoors May 15 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Aug 6; Under cover Apr 17 to Jul 13, and Jul 27 to Aug 6, and Aug 24 to Sep 3

Sow outdoors: May 15 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Aug 6
Under cover: Apr 17 to Jul 13, and Jul 27 to Aug 6, and Aug 24 to Sep 3
First harvest: About 66 days after sowing. Sown on May 15, ready around July 20.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 12°C or more, and no frost.

Winter squash across Canada, town by town

Sweet cornOutdoors May 10 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Aug 8; Under cover Apr 12 to Jul 13, and Jul 27 to Aug 8, and Aug 24 to Sep 5

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Aug 8
Under cover: Apr 12 to Jul 13, and Jul 27 to Aug 8, and Aug 24 to Sep 5
First harvest: About 64 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around July 13.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Sweet corn across Canada, town by town

Roots

CarrotOutdoors Apr 16 to Aug 7; Under cover Mar 19 to Sep 4

Sow outdoors: Apr 16 to Aug 7
Under cover: Mar 19 to Sep 4
First harvest: About 70 days after sowing. Sown on April 16, ready around June 25.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Carrot across Canada, town by town

BeetOutdoors Apr 16 to Aug 22; Under cover Mar 19 to Sep 19

Sow outdoors: Apr 16 to Aug 22
Under cover: Mar 19 to Sep 19
First harvest: About 50 days after sowing. Sown on April 16, ready around June 5.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Beet across Canada, town by town

ParsnipOutdoors Apr 11 to Jun 27; Under cover Mar 14 to Jul 25

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Jun 27
Under cover: Mar 14 to Jul 25
First harvest: About 86 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around July 6.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Parsnip across Canada, town by town

RadishOutdoors Apr 11 to Jun 9, and Jul 20 to Sep 30; Under cover Mar 14 to Oct 28

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Jun 9, and Jul 20 to Sep 30
Under cover: Mar 14 to Oct 28
First harvest: About 19 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around April 30.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Radish across Canada, town by town

PotatoOutdoors Apr 11 to Jun 6, and Jul 27 to Aug 7; Under cover Mar 14 to Jul 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 7, and Aug 24 to Sep 4

Plant outdoors: Apr 11 to Jun 6, and Jul 27 to Aug 7
Under cover: Mar 14 to Jul 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 7, and Aug 24 to Sep 4
First harvest: About 65 days after planting. Planted on April 11, ready around June 15.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Potato across Canada, town by town

TurnipOutdoors Apr 11 to Sep 3; Under cover Mar 14 to Oct 1

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Sep 3
Under cover: Mar 14 to Oct 1
First harvest: About 39 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around May 20.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Turnip across Canada, town by town

Leaves

LettuceOutdoors Apr 12 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Aug 29; Under cover Mar 15 to Sep 26

Sow outdoors: Apr 12 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Aug 29
Under cover: Mar 15 to Sep 26
First harvest: About 46 days after sowing. Sown on April 12, ready around May 28.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Lettuce across Canada, town by town

SpinachOutdoors Apr 11 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Sep 25; Under cover Mar 14 to Oct 23

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Sep 25
Under cover: Mar 14 to Oct 23
First harvest: About 29 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around May 10.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Spinach across Canada, town by town

Swiss chardOutdoors Apr 16 to Sep 3; Under cover Mar 19 to Oct 1

Sow outdoors: Apr 16 to Sep 3
Under cover: Mar 19 to Oct 1
First harvest: About 43 days after sowing. Sown on April 16, ready around May 29.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Swiss chard across Canada, town by town

ArugulaOutdoors Apr 11 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Sep 26; Under cover Mar 14 to Oct 24

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Sep 26
Under cover: Mar 14 to Oct 24
First harvest: About 26 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around May 7.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Arugula across Canada, town by town

CeleryOutdoors Apr 7 to Jun 6; Under cover Mar 10 to Jul 4

Sow outdoors: Apr 7 to Jun 6
Under cover: Mar 10 to Jul 4
First harvest: About 79 days after sowing. Sown on April 7, ready around June 25.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Celery across Canada, town by town

Beans and peas

Runner beanOutdoors May 10 to Jun 25, and Jul 27 to Aug 12; Under cover Apr 12 to Aug 12, and Aug 24 to Sep 9

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Jun 25, and Jul 27 to Aug 12
Under cover: Apr 12 to Aug 12, and Aug 24 to Sep 9
First harvest: About 60 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around July 9.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Runner bean across Canada, town by town

Green beanOutdoors May 10 to Jul 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 22; Under cover Apr 12 to Sep 19

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Jul 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 22
Under cover: Apr 12 to Sep 19
First harvest: About 50 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around June 29.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 11°C or more, and no frost.

Green bean across Canada, town by town

Fava beanOutdoors Oct 19 to Nov 14; Under cover Sep 21 to Dec 12

Sow outdoors: Oct 19 to Nov 14
Under cover: Sep 21 to Dec 12
First harvest: About 220 days after sowing. Sown on October 19, ready around May 27.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Fava bean across Canada, town by town

PeaOutdoors Apr 11 to Jun 9, and Jul 27 to Aug 13; Under cover Mar 14 to Jul 16, and Jul 27 to Aug 13, and Aug 24 to Sep 10

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Jun 9, and Jul 27 to Aug 13
Under cover: Mar 14 to Jul 16, and Jul 27 to Aug 13, and Aug 24 to Sep 10
First harvest: About 52 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around June 2.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Pea across Canada, town by town

Onion family

OnionOutdoors Apr 10 to May 31; Under cover Mar 13 to Jun 28

Plant outdoors: Apr 10 to May 31
Under cover: Mar 13 to Jun 28
First harvest: About 91 days after planting. Planted on April 10, ready around July 10.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Onion across Canada, town by town

GarlicOutdoors Oct 19 to Nov 18; Under cover Sep 21 to Dec 16

Plant outdoors: Oct 19 to Nov 18
Under cover: Sep 21 to Dec 16
First harvest: About 250 days after planting. Planted on October 19, ready around June 26.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Garlic across Canada, town by town

LeekOutdoors Apr 11 to Jul 27; Under cover Mar 14 to Aug 24

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Jul 27
Under cover: Mar 14 to Aug 24
First harvest: About 99 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around July 19.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Leek across Canada, town by town

ScallionOutdoors Apr 7 to Sep 12; Under cover Mar 10 to Oct 10

Sow outdoors: Apr 7 to Sep 12
Under cover: Mar 10 to Oct 10
First harvest: About 42 days after sowing. Sown on April 7, ready around May 19.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Scallion across Canada, town by town

ShallotOutdoors Apr 5 to Jun 18; Under cover Mar 8 to Jul 16

Plant outdoors: Apr 5 to Jun 18
Under cover: Mar 8 to Jul 16
First harvest: About 78 days after planting. Planted on April 5, ready around June 22.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 5°C.

Shallot across Canada, town by town

Brassicas

CabbageOutdoors Apr 11 to Aug 11; Under cover Mar 14 to Sep 8

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Aug 11
Under cover: Mar 14 to Sep 8
First harvest: About 72 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around June 22.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Cabbage across Canada, town by town

BroccoliOutdoors Apr 16 to Aug 8; Under cover Mar 19 to Sep 5

Sow outdoors: Apr 16 to Aug 8
Under cover: Mar 19 to Sep 5
First harvest: About 63 days after sowing. Sown on April 16, ready around June 18.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Broccoli across Canada, town by town

CauliflowerOutdoors Apr 11 to Jun 9; Under cover Mar 14 to Jul 7

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Jun 9
Under cover: Mar 14 to Jul 7
First harvest: About 79 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around June 29.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C; bolts in hot weather.

Cauliflower across Canada, town by town

Brussels sproutOutdoors Apr 11 to Jun 11; Under cover Mar 14 to Jul 9

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Jun 11
Under cover: Mar 14 to Jul 9
First harvest: About 116 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around August 5.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Brussels sprout across Canada, town by town

KaleOutdoors Apr 16 to Aug 16; Under cover Mar 19 to Sep 13

Sow outdoors: Apr 16 to Aug 16
Under cover: Mar 19 to Sep 13
First harvest: About 56 days after sowing. Sown on April 16, ready around June 11.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Kale across Canada, town by town

Bok choyOutdoors Apr 21 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Sep 16; Under cover Mar 24 to Oct 14

Sow outdoors: Apr 21 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Sep 16
Under cover: Mar 24 to Oct 14
First harvest: About 35 days after sowing. Sown on April 21, ready around May 26.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 8°C; bolts in hot weather.

Bok choy across Canada, town by town

Herbs

BasilOutdoors Apr 21 to Aug 25; Under cover Mar 24 to Sep 22

Sow outdoors: Apr 21 to Aug 25
Under cover: Mar 24 to Sep 22
First harvest: About 36 days after sowing. Sown on April 21, ready around May 27.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 8°C or more, and no frost.

Basil across Canada, town by town

ParsleyOutdoors Apr 11 to Sep 1; Under cover Mar 14 to Sep 29

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Sep 1
Under cover: Mar 14 to Sep 29
First harvest: About 48 days after sowing. Sown on April 11, ready around May 29.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Parsley across Canada, town by town

CilantroOutdoors Apr 16 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Sep 14; Under cover Mar 19 to Oct 12

Sow outdoors: Apr 16 to May 30, and Jul 31 to Sep 14
Under cover: Mar 19 to Oct 12
First harvest: About 36 days after sowing. Sown on April 16, ready around May 22.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C; bolts in hot weather.

Cilantro across Canada, town by town

ChivesOutdoors Apr 11 to Jun 27, and Jul 27 to Aug 16; Under cover Mar 14 to Sep 13

Sow outdoors: Apr 11 to Jun 27, and Jul 27 to Aug 16
Under cover: Mar 14 to Sep 13
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Chives across Canada, town by town

MintOutdoors Apr 16 to Oct 4; Under cover Mar 19 to Nov 1

Sow outdoors: Apr 16 to Oct 4
Under cover: Mar 19 to Nov 1
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 7°C.

Mint across Canada, town by town

Fruit

StrawberryOutdoors Apr 11 to Jun 11, and Jul 27 to Aug 13; Under cover Mar 14 to Jul 16, and Jul 27 to Aug 13, and Aug 24 to Sep 10

Plant outdoors: Apr 11 to Jun 11, and Jul 27 to Aug 13
Under cover: Mar 14 to Jul 16, and Jul 27 to Aug 13, and Aug 24 to Sep 10
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 6°C.

Strawberry across Canada, town by town

RaspberryOutdoors Nov 5 to Nov 26; Under cover Oct 8 to Dec 24

Plant outdoors: Nov 5 to Nov 26
Under cover: Oct 8 to Dec 24
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Raspberry across Canada, town by town

RhubarbOutdoors Oct 26 to Nov 22; Under cover Sep 28 to Dec 20

Plant outdoors: Oct 26 to Nov 22
Under cover: Sep 28 to Dec 20
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Rhubarb across Canada, town by town

Nearby

Questions about growing in St. Catharines

When is the last frost in St. Catharines?

On average around April 11, and the first autumn frost comes around November 20. In a cold spring a frost can come a week or two late, so tender plants are safest out a week after the date.

Can I grow tomatoes outdoors in St. Catharines?

Yes. Plant them outdoors May 16 to Jun 10, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, or under cover Apr 18 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, and Aug 24 to Sep 2.

What can I sow in St. Catharines in November?

Outdoors: fava bean, garlic, raspberry, rhubarb.

How accurate are these dates?

They’re worked out from 30 years of climate data for this spot, adjusted for its height, so they’re a good guide for a typical year. Check the forecast before planting out anything tender.

Get these dates as reminders

Bia turns this calendar into a nudge when it’s time to sow, plant out and harvest, for your backyard or community garden plot in St. Catharines. Free for 2 months.

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How these dates are worked out: climate records for this spot (ERA5-Land, 1995 to 2024), the local frost dates and the height above sea level turn a seed-packet date into a local one. Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information; towns from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). How sowing dates work