Missouri, US

Planting calendar for Columbia, Missouri

Last frost around April 1, first frost around November 10: about 223 frost-free days.

Last frost: April 1
First frost: November 10
Frost-free days: 223

Sow now: November

See the whole year

Outdoors

Fava bean
Garlic
Raspberry
Rhubarb

Under cover

Mint

The year at a glance

When each crop can be sown in Columbia, Missouri. Tap a crop for exact dates and when it’s ready to harvest.

Sow outdoorsSow under cover (indoors, a greenhouse or a cold frame)

When to sow each crop in Columbia, Missouri, month by month. Each month says whether you can sow outdoors, under cover, or both.
Crop	JJan	FFeb	MMar	AApr	MMay	JJun	JJul	AAug	SSep	OOct	NNov	DDec
Fruiting
Tomato	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chile pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bell pepper	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Eggplant	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Zucchini	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cucumber	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Winter squash	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Sweet corn	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Roots
Carrot	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beet	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsnip	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Radish	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Not this month	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow outdoors and under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Potato	January: Not this month	February: Plant under cover	March: Plant outdoors and under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Plant outdoors and under cover	September: Plant under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Turnip	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Leaves
Lettuce	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow under cover	June: Not this month	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Spinach	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow under cover	June: Not this month	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Swiss chard	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Arugula	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow under cover	June: Not this month	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Celery	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Beans and peas
Runner bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Green bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Sow under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Fava bean	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Sow under cover	November: Sow outdoors and under cover	December: Sow under cover
Pea	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Not this month	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Onion family
Onion	January: Not this month	February: Plant under cover	March: Plant outdoors and under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant under cover	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Garlic	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Plant under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover
Leek	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Scallion	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Shallot	January: Not this month	February: Plant under cover	March: Plant outdoors and under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Plant under cover	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brassicas
Cabbage	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Broccoli	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cauliflower	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Brussels sprout	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Kale	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Bok choy	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow under cover	June: Not this month	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Herbs
Basil	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Sow under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Parsley	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Cilantro	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow under cover	June: Not this month	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow under cover	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Chives	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow under cover	July: Sow under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Mint	January: Not this month	February: Sow under cover	March: Sow outdoors and under cover	April: Sow outdoors and under cover	May: Sow outdoors and under cover	June: Sow outdoors and under cover	July: Sow outdoors and under cover	August: Sow outdoors and under cover	September: Sow outdoors and under cover	October: Sow outdoors and under cover	November: Sow under cover	December: Not this month
Fruit
Strawberry	January: Not this month	February: Plant under cover	March: Plant outdoors and under cover	April: Plant outdoors and under cover	May: Plant outdoors and under cover	June: Plant under cover	July: Plant under cover	August: Plant outdoors and under cover	September: Plant under cover	October: Not this month	November: Not this month	December: Not this month
Raspberry	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Plant under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover
Rhubarb	January: Not this month	February: Not this month	March: Not this month	April: Not this month	May: Not this month	June: Not this month	July: Not this month	August: Not this month	September: Not this month	October: Plant under cover	November: Plant outdoors and under cover	December: Plant under cover

Fruit rows show when to plant, not sow.

Crop by crop

Fruiting

TomatoOutdoors May 6 to May 31, and Jul 27 to Aug 20; Under cover Apr 8 to Sep 17

Sow outdoors: May 6 to May 31, and Jul 27 to Aug 20
Under cover: Apr 8 to Sep 17
First harvest: About 66 days after sowing. Sown on May 6, ready around July 11.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 54°F or more, and no frost.

Tomato across the US, town by town

Chile pepperOutdoors May 5 to May 31, and Jul 27 to Aug 18; Under cover Apr 7 to Sep 15

Sow outdoors: May 5 to May 31, and Jul 27 to Aug 18
Under cover: Apr 7 to Sep 15
First harvest: About 84 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around July 28.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 54°F or more, and no frost.

Chile pepper across the US, town by town

Bell pepperOutdoors May 10 to Jun 5, and Jul 27 to Aug 20; Under cover Apr 12 to Sep 17

Sow outdoors: May 10 to Jun 5, and Jul 27 to Aug 20
Under cover: Apr 12 to Sep 17
First harvest: About 78 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around July 27.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 54°F or more, and no frost.

Bell pepper across the US, town by town

EggplantOutdoors May 10 to May 31, and Jul 27 to Aug 18; Under cover Apr 12 to Sep 15

Sow outdoors: May 10 to May 31, and Jul 27 to Aug 18
Under cover: Apr 12 to Sep 15
First harvest: About 90 days after sowing. Sown on May 10, ready around August 8.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 54°F or more, and no frost.

Eggplant across the US, town by town

ZucchiniOutdoors May 5 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Sep 6; Under cover Apr 7 to Oct 4

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Sep 6
Under cover: Apr 7 to Oct 4
First harvest: About 36 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around June 10.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 54°F or more, and no frost.

Zucchini across the US, town by town

CucumberOutdoors May 5 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Sep 1; Under cover Apr 7 to Sep 29

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Sep 1
Under cover: Apr 7 to Sep 29
First harvest: About 42 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around June 16.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 54°F or more, and no frost.

Cucumber across the US, town by town

Winter squashOutdoors May 5 to Jun 5, and Jul 27 to Aug 21; Under cover Apr 7 to Sep 18

Sow outdoors: May 5 to Jun 5, and Jul 27 to Aug 21
Under cover: Apr 7 to Sep 18
First harvest: About 66 days after sowing. Sown on May 5, ready around July 10.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 54°F or more, and no frost.

Winter squash across the US, town by town

Sweet cornOutdoors Apr 30 to Jun 5, and Jul 27 to Aug 22; Under cover Apr 2 to Sep 19

Sow outdoors: Apr 30 to Jun 5, and Jul 27 to Aug 22
Under cover: Apr 2 to Sep 19
First harvest: About 60 days after sowing. Sown on April 30, ready around June 29.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 52°F or more, and no frost.

Sweet corn across the US, town by town

Roots

CarrotOutdoors Mar 19 to Jun 27, and Jul 27 to Aug 19; Under cover Feb 19 to Sep 16

Sow outdoors: Mar 19 to Jun 27, and Jul 27 to Aug 19
Under cover: Feb 19 to Sep 16
First harvest: About 73 days after sowing. Sown on March 19, ready around May 31.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 45°F.

Carrot across the US, town by town

BeetOutdoors Mar 19 to Jul 2, and Jul 27 to Sep 2; Under cover Feb 19 to Sep 30

Sow outdoors: Mar 19 to Jul 2, and Jul 27 to Sep 2
Under cover: Feb 19 to Sep 30
First harvest: About 52 days after sowing. Sown on March 19, ready around May 10.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 45°F.

Beet across the US, town by town

ParsnipOutdoors Mar 13 to May 29; Under cover Feb 13 to Jun 26

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to May 29
Under cover: Feb 13 to Jun 26
First harvest: About 89 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around June 10.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Parsnip across the US, town by town

RadishOutdoors Mar 13 to May 9, and Aug 15 to Oct 8; Under cover Feb 13 to Jun 6, and Jul 18 to Nov 5

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to May 9, and Aug 15 to Oct 8
Under cover: Feb 13 to Jun 6, and Jul 18 to Nov 5
First harvest: About 20 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around April 2.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F; bolts in hot weather.

Radish across the US, town by town

PotatoOutdoors Mar 13 to May 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 20; Under cover Feb 13 to Jun 5, and Jun 29 to Sep 17

Plant outdoors: Mar 13 to May 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 20
Under cover: Feb 13 to Jun 5, and Jun 29 to Sep 17
First harvest: About 68 days after planting. Planted on March 13, ready around May 20.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Potato across the US, town by town

TurnipOutdoors Mar 13 to May 17, and Aug 8 to Sep 13; Under cover Feb 13 to Jun 14, and Jul 11 to Oct 11

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to May 17, and Aug 8 to Sep 13
Under cover: Feb 13 to Jun 14, and Jul 11 to Oct 11
First harvest: About 41 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around April 23.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Turnip across the US, town by town

Leaves

LettuceOutdoors Mar 14 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Sep 8; Under cover Feb 14 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Aug 11, and Aug 21 to Sep 8, and Sep 18 to Oct 6

Sow outdoors: Mar 14 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Sep 8
Under cover: Feb 14 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Aug 11, and Aug 21 to Sep 8, and Sep 18 to Oct 6
First harvest: About 48 days after sowing. Sown on March 14, ready around May 1.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F; bolts in hot weather.

Lettuce across the US, town by town

SpinachOutdoors Mar 13 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Oct 3; Under cover Feb 13 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Oct 31

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Oct 3
Under cover: Feb 13 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Oct 31
First harvest: About 31 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around April 13.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F; bolts in hot weather.

Spinach across the US, town by town

Swiss chardOutdoors Mar 19 to Sep 13; Under cover Feb 19 to Oct 11

Sow outdoors: Mar 19 to Sep 13
Under cover: Feb 19 to Oct 11
First harvest: About 45 days after sowing. Sown on March 19, ready around May 3.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 45°F.

Swiss chard across the US, town by town

ArugulaOutdoors Mar 13 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Oct 4; Under cover Feb 13 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Nov 1

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Oct 4
Under cover: Feb 13 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Nov 1
First harvest: About 28 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around April 10.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F; bolts in hot weather.

Arugula across the US, town by town

CeleryOutdoors Mar 9 to May 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 5; Under cover Feb 9 to Jun 5, and Jun 29 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, and Aug 24 to Sep 2

Sow outdoors: Mar 9 to May 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 5
Under cover: Feb 9 to Jun 5, and Jun 29 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, and Aug 24 to Sep 2
First harvest: About 84 days after sowing. Sown on March 9, ready around June 1.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 41°F.

Celery across the US, town by town

Beans and peas

Runner beanOutdoors Apr 30 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Aug 26; Under cover Apr 2 to Sep 23

Sow outdoors: Apr 30 to Jun 15, and Jul 27 to Aug 26
Under cover: Apr 2 to Sep 23
First harvest: About 54 days after sowing. Sown on April 30, ready around June 23.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 52°F or more, and no frost.

Runner bean across the US, town by town

Green beanOutdoors Apr 30 to Jun 30, and Jul 27 to Sep 4; Under cover Apr 2 to Oct 2

Sow outdoors: Apr 30 to Jun 30, and Jul 27 to Sep 4
Under cover: Apr 2 to Oct 2
First harvest: About 44 days after sowing. Sown on April 30, ready around June 13.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 52°F or more, and no frost.

Green bean across the US, town by town

Fava beanOutdoors Oct 27 to Nov 19; Under cover Sep 29 to Dec 17

Sow outdoors: Oct 27 to Nov 19
Under cover: Sep 29 to Dec 17
First harvest: About 220 days after sowing. Sown on October 27, ready around June 4.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Fava bean across the US, town by town

PeaOutdoors Mar 13 to May 9, and Aug 15 to Aug 25; Under cover Feb 13 to Jun 6, and Jul 18 to Jul 28, and Aug 15 to Aug 25, and Sep 12 to Sep 22

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to May 9, and Aug 15 to Aug 25
Under cover: Feb 13 to Jun 6, and Jul 18 to Jul 28, and Aug 15 to Aug 25, and Sep 12 to Sep 22
First harvest: About 54 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around May 6.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F; bolts in hot weather.

Pea across the US, town by town

Onion family

OnionOutdoors Mar 11 to May 1; Under cover Feb 11 to May 29

Plant outdoors: Mar 11 to May 1
Under cover: Feb 11 to May 29
First harvest: About 93 days after planting. Planted on March 11, ready around June 12.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Onion across the US, town by town

GarlicOutdoors Oct 27 to Nov 23; Under cover Sep 29 to Dec 21

Plant outdoors: Oct 27 to Nov 23
Under cover: Sep 29 to Dec 21
First harvest: About 250 days after planting. Planted on October 27, ready around July 4.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Garlic across the US, town by town

LeekOutdoors Mar 13 to Jun 28, and Jul 27 to Aug 6; Under cover Feb 13 to Aug 6, and Aug 24 to Sep 3

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to Jun 28, and Jul 27 to Aug 6
Under cover: Feb 13 to Aug 6, and Aug 24 to Sep 3
First harvest: About 101 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around June 22.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Leek across the US, town by town

ScallionOutdoors Mar 9 to Sep 21; Under cover Feb 9 to Oct 19

Sow outdoors: Mar 9 to Sep 21
Under cover: Feb 9 to Oct 19
First harvest: About 43 days after sowing. Sown on March 9, ready around April 21.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 41°F.

Scallion across the US, town by town

ShallotOutdoors Mar 5 to May 18, and Jul 27 to Aug 5; Under cover Feb 5 to Jun 15, and Jun 29 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, and Aug 24 to Sep 2

Plant outdoors: Mar 5 to May 18, and Jul 27 to Aug 5
Under cover: Feb 5 to Jun 15, and Jun 29 to Jul 8, and Jul 27 to Aug 5, and Aug 24 to Sep 2
First harvest: About 78 days after planting. Planted on March 5, ready around May 22.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 41°F.

Shallot across the US, town by town

Brassicas

CabbageOutdoors Mar 13 to Jun 6, and Jul 27 to Aug 19; Under cover Feb 13 to Sep 16

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to Jun 6, and Jul 27 to Aug 19
Under cover: Feb 13 to Sep 16
First harvest: About 75 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around May 27.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Cabbage across the US, town by town

BroccoliOutdoors Mar 19 to Jun 6, and Jul 27 to Aug 21; Under cover Feb 19 to Sep 18

Sow outdoors: Mar 19 to Jun 6, and Jul 27 to Aug 21
Under cover: Feb 19 to Sep 18
First harvest: About 66 days after sowing. Sown on March 19, ready around May 24.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 45°F.

Broccoli across the US, town by town

CauliflowerOutdoors Mar 13 to May 9; Under cover Feb 13 to Jun 6

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to May 9
Under cover: Feb 13 to Jun 6
First harvest: About 82 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around June 3.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F; bolts in hot weather.

Cauliflower across the US, town by town

Brussels sproutOutdoors Mar 13 to May 13; Under cover Feb 13 to Jun 10

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to May 13
Under cover: Feb 13 to Jun 10
First harvest: About 117 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around July 8.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Brussels sprout across the US, town by town

KaleOutdoors Mar 19 to Jul 2, and Jul 27 to Aug 28; Under cover Feb 19 to Sep 25

Sow outdoors: Mar 19 to Jul 2, and Jul 27 to Aug 28
Under cover: Feb 19 to Sep 25
First harvest: About 59 days after sowing. Sown on March 19, ready around May 17.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 45°F.

Kale across the US, town by town

Bok choyOutdoors Mar 24 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Sep 25; Under cover Feb 24 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Oct 23

Sow outdoors: Mar 24 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Sep 25
Under cover: Feb 24 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Oct 23
First harvest: About 36 days after sowing. Sown on March 24, ready around April 29.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 46°F; bolts in hot weather.

Bok choy across the US, town by town

Herbs

BasilOutdoors Apr 1 to Jul 1, and Jul 27 to Sep 7; Under cover Mar 4 to Oct 5

Sow outdoors: Apr 1 to Jul 1, and Jul 27 to Sep 7
Under cover: Mar 4 to Oct 5
First harvest: About 43 days after sowing. Sown on April 1, ready around May 14.
Warmth: Tender: needs days averaging 46°F or more, and no frost.

Basil across the US, town by town

ParsleyOutdoors Mar 13 to Sep 11; Under cover Feb 13 to Oct 9

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to Sep 11
Under cover: Feb 13 to Oct 9
First harvest: About 51 days after sowing. Sown on March 13, ready around May 3.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Parsley across the US, town by town

CilantroOutdoors Mar 19 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Sep 23; Under cover Feb 19 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Oct 21

Sow outdoors: Mar 19 to May 2, and Aug 21 to Sep 23
Under cover: Feb 19 to May 30, and Jul 24 to Oct 21
First harvest: About 38 days after sowing. Sown on March 19, ready around April 26.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 45°F; bolts in hot weather.

Cilantro across the US, town by town

ChivesOutdoors Mar 13 to May 29, and Jul 27 to Aug 27; Under cover Feb 13 to Sep 24

Sow outdoors: Mar 13 to May 29, and Jul 27 to Aug 27
Under cover: Feb 13 to Sep 24
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Chives across the US, town by town

MintOutdoors Mar 19 to Oct 12; Under cover Feb 19 to Nov 9

Sow outdoors: Mar 19 to Oct 12
Under cover: Feb 19 to Nov 9
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 45°F.

Mint across the US, town by town

Fruit

StrawberryOutdoors Mar 13 to May 13, and Jul 27 to Aug 25; Under cover Feb 13 to Jun 10, and Jun 29 to Sep 22

Plant outdoors: Mar 13 to May 13, and Jul 27 to Aug 25
Under cover: Feb 13 to Jun 10, and Jun 29 to Sep 22
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: grows once days average 43°F.

Strawberry across the US, town by town

RaspberryOutdoors Nov 11 to Dec 1; Under cover Oct 14 to Dec 29

Plant outdoors: Nov 11 to Dec 1
Under cover: Oct 14 to Dec 29
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Raspberry across the US, town by town

RhubarbOutdoors Nov 3 to Nov 27; Under cover Oct 6 to Dec 25

Plant outdoors: Nov 3 to Nov 27
Under cover: Oct 6 to Dec 25
First harvest: Crops every year once it’s established.
Warmth: Hardy: goes in as the weather cools, and grows on through winter.

Rhubarb across the US, town by town

Nearby

Questions about growing in Columbia, Missouri

When is the last frost in Columbia, Missouri?

On average around April 1, and the first autumn frost comes around November 10. In a cold spring a frost can come a week or two late, so tender plants are safest out a week after the date.

Can I grow tomatoes outdoors in Columbia, Missouri?

Yes. Plant them outdoors May 6 to May 31, and Jul 27 to Aug 20, or under cover Apr 8 to Sep 17.

What can I sow in Columbia, Missouri in November?

Outdoors: fava bean, garlic, raspberry, rhubarb. Under cover: mint.

How accurate are these dates?

They’re worked out from 30 years of climate data for this spot, adjusted for its height, so they’re a good guide for a typical year. Check the forecast before planting out anything tender.

Get these dates as reminders

Bia turns this calendar into a nudge when it’s time to sow, plant out and harvest, for your backyard or community garden plot in Columbia, Missouri. Free for 2 months.

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How these dates are worked out: climate records for this spot (ERA5-Land, 1995 to 2024), the local frost dates and the height above sea level turn a seed-packet date into a local one. Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information; towns from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). How sowing dates work